Page 10 - Biotechnology newsletter 2023-24

Diabetes - the Silent Epidemic

Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a chronic
metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. With its
prevalence steadily rising worldwide, diabetes has emerged as a silent
epidemic, affecting millions of lives.
There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes
is an autoimmune condition where the immune system destroys insulin-
producing beta cells in the pancreas. On the other hand, Type 2 diabetes
is more common and occurs when the body's cells become resistant to
insulin or the pancreas can't produce enough insulin. This condition is
called insulin resistance. As a result, glucose starts to build up in the
blood.
Individuals with a family history of diabetes are at a higher risk.
Specific genetic markers may contribute to the susceptibility to
diabetes, particularly in Type 2 diabetes. Certain genetic mutations can
increase the likelihood of developing diabetes. These mutations may
affect insulin production or the body's response to insulin. Furthermore,
a diet high in processed foods, sugars and saturated fats can contribute
to obesity and insulin resistance, increasing the risk of Type 2 diabetes.
Early symptoms observation will help the individual to take preventive
measures against Diabetes. But this symptoms can be mild and may take
many years to be noticed. Common symptoms observed in Type 2
Diabetic individuals are excessive thirst, frequent urination, unexplained
weight loss, blurred vision and fatigue. Untreated diabetes can lead to
severe complications, including cardiovascular diseases, kidney failure,
nerve damage, and vision problems. Thus, managing blood sugar levels is
crucial to prevent these complications.
People living with Type 1 diabetes need to administer insulin on a
regular basis by using insulin injections or an insulin pump. Once a
person receives their diagnosis, they will need to regularly monitor their
blood sugar levels, administer insulin, and make some lifestyle changes
to help manage the condition. A person living with Type 2 diabetes may
or may not need insulin. In many cases, medication along with changes
in exercise and diet can help manage the condition.

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